Electrical apparatus.



R. B. WILLIAMSON.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED Aue.26. |914.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT IB. WILLIAMSON, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO ALLIS-CI-IALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 11, 1917.

T o all 'whom t may concern: Be it known that I, ROBERT B. WinnaarsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing 'at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Electrical Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates in general to electrical apparatus, and has special reference to devices for promoting thel dissipation of heat generated in the cores and windings of such apparatus, to the end that the parts may remain in a cool condition while the apparatus is in operation.

To provide for eflicient operation of certain types of electrical apparatus, special attention must be directed to the proper cooling of both the core and the windings. In the ordinary construction, a circulation of air is produced either wholly externally of the core, or, in some cases, the core is made up in sections, spaced apart by ventilating ducts, and cooling air curr-ents are forced through these ducts, dissipating some of the heat generated in the core and windings. Even with this latter provision,"there is much to be desired, since portions of the windings and the core,

at points remote from the Ventilating ducts, are heated by the core or by the current passin through the windings, the general effect being a tendency toward such heat rise in these intermediate portions as considerably increases the resistance of the windings and the total temperature rise ofthe apparatus, the whole tending toward inefficient operation. The desirability of providing means for conducting heat from the portions of the core and windings that are remote from the spaced Ventilating ducts of the core, will, accordingly, be readily apparent.

It is an object of thisinvention to ,provide an improved construction of electrical apparatus, embodying improved means for conducting heat .from interior parts of the apparatus.

It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved construction of electrical apparatus of the type wherein the core is divided into a plurality of spaced sections to provide Ventilating ducts, this construction embodying means associated with such ventilating ducts for readily dissipating heat generated in the interior parts of the apparatus.

These and other objects are attained by this invention, the various novel features of which will appear from the description and drawings, disclosing one embodiment of such invention, and will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a broken vertical section through a dynamo-electric machine embodying this invention, the end casings of the machine being removed.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged broken section through the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a development of an enlarged broken sectiontaken on the cylindrical surface through the line 3 3, a detail of construction being of modified form.

Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are views in perspective of forms of an element constituting one feature of this invention.

In the drawings, wherein the invention is shown as being applied to an electrical apparatus in the form of a dynamo-electric machine which may be considered as of the rotating-held alternator type, a rotating field member 10 is mounted on a shaft 11 in such position as to cooperate with a stationary armature 12 which is held in position in4 a frame 13. The armature 12 comprises' a core 14;, preferably of the laminated type, held in place in the frame by end heads 15 and 16, through bolts 17, which may also act to secure the core to the frame, and a winding 18 disposed in slots in the inner periphery of the core 14. This winding may be of any desirable type, being here shown as disposed in two-layers 2l, 22 in the slots, the same being held in place in the slots by wedges 23 and having its end-projecting portions supported and secured in position through brackets 24 integral with or secured to the end heads 15 and 16. The core 14 is divided into a plurality of spaced groups or sections of laminations, the groups being separated by Ventilating duets 25.

In the ordinary operation of a machine .of the type described, the Ventilating currents in the ducts 25,'passing over the core and exposed parts of the winding, serve to conduct heat away from these parts and to keep the same in fairly cool operating condition. It will be obvious, however, that the cooling effect arising from the presence of these Ventilating ducts is more or less local to the parts of bol'h the core and winding inm'iediately adjacent the ducts, and that those portions of the core and winding that are remote from the ducts become heated to a greater extent, for the reason that the heat generated therein is not sutticiently dissipated. To promote the dissipation of heat from these 'interior parts, members 3l of good heat conducting material are inserted in contact with the portions to be cooled, these members having portions extending into the Ventilating ducts 25, cirr-,umferentially that is, considered with respect to the axis of the machine, beyond that portion of the winding with which the member is immediately associated, the general operation being that the heat present in the interior parts of the core and windings is conducted therefrom through the body portions of the members 3l and the parts thereof that are exposed to the Ventilating currents in the ducts 25.

As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, the intermediate ones of these heat conducting elements 31 comprise a flat body portion 32 of such width as to lit easily in the slots, and angular extensions or fins 33 at an intermediate portion thereof. As shown, the body portion of these heat conducting elements is inserted between the two layers of winding in the slot, the extensions or tins 33 lying alongside the radially outer layer 2l. Heat conducting elements 34, of the form shown in Fig. 5, comprising a body portion 32LL and end extensions ot' lins 33a, are used at the end of the slots, the end ex'- tensions projecting beyond the laminated core.

As shown in Fig. 6, the heat conducting element may be in the form of two separate parts each comprising a body portion 32 and an angular extension or tin thereon 331,. The combined Width of the two body portions is such that these two pieces fit alongside each other within a slot, as shown in Fig. 3. j

As shown in Fig. 7, the body portion 32 is provided with oppositely disposed intermediate angular extensions or ns 33C, the latter being twisted through 90 degrees, this provision being made so that the material of the extensions or ns will project into the Ventilating ducts to a greater extent and will form little impedance to the flow of Ventilating currents therein.

l/Vhile a plurality of heat conducting elements are shown in each core slot, it will be apparent that a single element, extending the full width of the core andi provided with tins or extensions projecting into the several Ventilating ducts, will act eiiiciently to produce the general result desired.

While, in the form shown, heat conducting elements 3l are used only between the two layers of winding 2l and 22, it will be apparent that a similar set of heat conducting elements may be disposed at the inner end of the slots and another set may be disposed at the outer part of the slot between the layer of winding 22 and the retaining wedge 23. Further, it will be apparent that these heat conducting elements may be utilized whether only a single layer or any number of layers of Winding are disposed in each slot.

It will be obvious that, in electrical apparatus provided with the above described structural features, heat generated at interior portions of the core and windings is eliciently conducted to points adjacent the Ventilating ducts, where the same is dissipated by the Ventilating currents flowing in these ducts, and that the general etfect is a contribution toward more etiicient operation.

It should be understood that it is not desired that this invention be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, nor its application to the particular form of electrical apparatus shown and described, for obvious modiications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patentl. In a dynamo-electric machine, a core comprising a plurality of sections spaced apart axially to provide radial Ventilating ducts, a winding disposed in a plurality of layers in slots in said core, and members of good heat conducting material having body portions disposed between layers of said winding and portions extending from said body portions at an angle thereto and disposed in said Ventilating ducts circumferentially beyond the portions of said winding with which said members are associated.

In a dynamo-electric machine, a core divided into a plurality of sections by Ventilating ducts, a winding disposed in slots in said core, and members of heat conducting material associated with said Winding in said slots, each of said members comprising a body portion disposed in engagement with the radially inner side ot' a portion of said winding and extending from an interior part of one core section to an interior part of another core section` and an extension from an intermediate part of said body portion projecting circainterentially therefrom and disposed in a Ventilating duct.

3. ln a dynamo-electric machine, a core comprising a plurality of axially spaced sections proVided with alined slots, a winding element in alined slots ot' said core sections, and a member of comparatively high thermal condlu-tiVity having a portion located in a slot in one ot said core sections and between said winding element and the inner end of said slot and another portion extending from said first portion and located in the space between said latter core section and an adjacent core section and circumferentially beyond the portion of said Winding element With Which said member is associated. v

4. In a dynamo-electric machine, a laminated core provided with slots and divided into a plurality of axially spaced groups of laminations, superposed winding elements in said slots, and members of comparatively high thermal conductivity having portions laid between said superposed Winding elements and other portions extending from said first portions and located in the'spaces between said groups and circumferentially beyond said Winding elements.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, a laminated core comprising a plurality of sections axially spaced apart to provide radial ventilating ducts, said sections being provided with alined slots for the reception of a Winding, Winding elements disposed in said alined slots, and members of comparatively high thermal conductivity located in said slots, each of said members comprising a body portion disposed partially Within the slotsof adjacent core sections and between a Winding element therein and the inner end of the slot and another portion extending oircumferentially from said body portion and located in the space between said adjacent sections.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, a laminated core comprising a plurality of sections axially spaced apart to provide radial ventilating ducts, said sections being provided With alined slots for the reception of a winding, a Winding in a plurality of layers disposed in said slots, and members of coml tWo Witnesses.

R. B. WILLIAMSON. Witnessesz.

G. F. DE WEIN, y W. H. LIEBER. 

